토론토 컬리지 입학을 위한 영어 문서 읽기.

유학 및 어학연수를 계획하고 있는 학생이라면 리스닝 및 라이팅도 중요하지만 리딩 또한 중요하다. 

리스닝의 경우 넷플릭스나 유튜브를 통해 자막 없이 보는 연습을 많이 시도하였을 것이며 라이팅의 경우 

단어를 외우며 문장도 같이 외우는 학생들은 자연스럽게 라이팅 연습을 하고 있을 것이다. 

하지만 영어 문서 읽기란 가장 단순하면서도 손이 잘 안가게 된다. 

해외 사이트에 들어가면 뭔가 복잡해지는 기분과 모든게 영어로 되어 있다 보면 나도 모르게 "닫기" 버튼을 클릭하게 된다. 

그래서 토론토 컬리지를 준비하고 있는 학생 및 일반인들에게 일일 일 리딩을 하기 위해 아래 영어 문서를 게시한다. 

아래 문서는 토론토 컬리지 센테니얼 강의 및 과제에 포함 되었던 문서이며 아래 문서를 읽고 각 문단별 포인트를 (paraphrasing) 페러 프레이징 하여 제출하였다. 

페러 프레이징에 있어 이것이 답이다 라고 정확하게 명시할 수 없다. 그렇기에 더욱 많은 연습을 통해 매끈한 문장을 만들 수 있도록 연습이 필요하다. 

 

 

다운타운 옥빌.

 

Introverts Run the World Quietly

 

When you come home from a large party. Do you feel energized or exhausted? Do you prefer one-on-one conversations or group activities? Would you rather work alone or on a team? The answers to such questions reveal where you fall on an important personality scale. Susan Cain explores fascinating differences between introverts and extroverts; she is the author of Quiet: the power of introverts in a world that can’t stop talking.

 

1.The theory of evolution. The theory of relativity. The cat in the hat. All were brought to you by introverts. Our culture is biased against quiet and reserved people, but introverts are responsible for some of humanity’s greatest achievements from Steve Wozniak’s invention of the Apple computer to J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter. And these introverts did what they did not in spite of their temperaments but because of them.

 

2.Introverts make up a third to a half of the population. That’s one out of every two to three people you know. Yet our most important institutions our school and our workplaces are designed for extroverts. And we’re living with a value system that I call the New Groupthink, where we believe that all creativity and productivity comes from an oddly gregarious place.

 

3.Picture the typical classroom. When I was a kid, we sat in rows of desks, and we did most of our work autonomously. But nowadays many students sit in “pods”of desks with four or five students facing each other, and they work on countless group projects even in subjects like math and creative writing. Kids who prefer to work by themselves don’t fit, and research by educational psychology professor Charles Meisgeier found that the majority of teachers believe the ideal student is an extrovert  even thought introverts tend to get higher grades, according to psychologist Adrian Furnham.

 

4.The same thing happens work. Many of us now work in offices without walls, with no respite from the noise and gaze of co workers. And introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions, even thought the latest research by the management professor Adam Grant at Wharton shows that introverted leaders often deliver better results. They’re better at letting proactive employees run with their creative ideas, while extroverts can unwittingly put their own stamp on things and not realize that other people’s ideas aren’t being heard.

 

5.of course, we all fall at different points along the introvert extrovert spectrum. Even Carl Jung, who popularized these terms in the first place, said there was no such thing as a pure introvert or pure extrovert that “such a man would be in a lunatic asylum.” THere’s also a term, ambivert, for people who fall smack in the middle of the spectrum. 

 

6.But many of us recognize ourselves as one or the other. And culturally we need a better balance between the two types. In fact, we often seek out this balance instinctively. That’s why we see so many introvert extrovert couples( I’m an introvert happily married to an extrovert) and the most effective work teams have been found to be a mix of the two types.

 

7.THe need for balance is especially important when it comes to creativity and productivity. Whenpsychologists look at the lives of the most creative people, they almost always find a serious streak of introversion because solitude is a crucial ingredient for creativity.

 

8.Charles Darwin took long walks alone on the woods and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations. Theodore Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss, dreamed up his creations  in a private bell tower in the back of his house in La Jolla. Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer alone in his cubicle at Hewlett Packard.

 

9.Of course, this doesn’t mean that we should stop collaborating with each other witness Wozniak reaming up with Steve Jobs to form Apple. But it does mean that solitude matters. And for some people it’s the air they breathe. In fact, we’ve known about the transcendent power of solitude for centuries; it’s only recently that we’ve forgotten it. Our major religions all tell the story of seekers Moses, Jesus, Mohammed, Buddha who go off alone, to the wilderness, and bring profound revelations back to the community. No wilderness, no revelations.

 

10.This is no surprise, if you listen to the insights of contemporary psychology. It turns out that you can’t be in a group without instinctively mimicking others’ opinions even about personal, visceral things like who you’re physically attracted to. We ape other people’s beliefs without even realizing we’re doing it.

 

11.Groups also tend to follow the most dominant person in the room even though there’s zero correlation between good ideas and being a good ideas and being a good talker. The best talker might have the best ideas, but she might not.So it’s much better  to send people off to generate ideas by themselves, freed from the distortion of group dynamics, and only then come together as a team.

 

12.I’m not saying that social skills are unimportant, or that we should abolish teamwork. The same religions that send their safes off to money mountaintops also teach us love and trust. And the problems we face today in fields like economics and science are more complex than ever, and need armies of people to solve them. But I’m saying that we all need alone time. And that the more freedom we give introverts to be themselves, the more they’ll dream up their own unique solutions to the problems that bedevil us.